TESA – TESTICULAR SPERM ASPIRATION

TESA – TESTICULAR SPERM ASPIRATION

Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA) and Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) are surgical interventions utilized when the male partner lacks sperm in his ejaculate, a condition known as azoospermia.

The male reproductive system is a complex network of tubes responsible for sperm production and delivery. Sperm production initiates within the seminiferous tubules, tightly coiled structures within the testes. These tubules connect to the epididymis, a lengthy coiled tube, which, in turn, leads to the vas deferens. The ultimate goal is for sperm to traverse this intricate pathway, from the seminiferous tubules through the epididymis to the vas deferens, culminating in their release during ejaculation.

When obstructive azoospermia arises due to anomalies or blockages in the epididymis or vas deferens, the condition is termed obstructive azoospermia. Here, it is presumed that sperm production occurs, yet an obstruction prevents their integration into the ejaculate. Instances of obstructive azoospermia encompass scenarios like postvasectomy or congenital absence of the vas deferens, prevalent in male carriers of cystic fibrosis.

Nonobstructive azoospermia, on the other hand, stems from inadequate sperm production or even a complete lack thereof.

TESA entails the insertion of a delicate needle directly into the testes to procure a small sample of the seminiferous tubules. Laboratory preparation typically yields isolated sperm from these tubules. Both TESA and TESE can be performed under local anesthesia or sedation, depending on the patient's preference and clinician's recommendation.